2024年高考英语必考题型终极预测（最新名校模拟题）专题03阅读理解之议论文（2023·江苏扬州·统考模拟预测）Hospice(临终安养院)servicesbenefitonlyaboutonepersoninthreewhodiesintheUS.“TherearestilloveronemillionAmericanswhodieeachyearwithoutreceivinghospiceservices,”accordingtoareportproducedin2003.Andformostwhodogethospicecare,theirtimeinhospiceissoshortthatstaffmembersoftenlacktheopportunitytoprovidethebestcarefortheirphysicalandemotionalneeds.Thereareseveralreasonsthatmorepatientsdonotgointohospicecareearlier.OneisthatMedicare(医疗保险)doesn’tcoverthecostofpatients’life-extendingtreatmentiftheyenterhospice.Medicarealsorequiresthatthedoctorreferringsomeoneforhospicecaremustdeclarethatthepatientisexpectedtodiewithinsixmonths.Asaresult,somedoctorshesitateaboutmakinganearlyreferraltoavoidbeingaccusedofcheating.Finally,therearesimplynotenoughhospicecentersandservicesavailabletomeettheneedsofdyingpatientsthroughoutthecountry.Manypatientsstillhavesomeconcernoverhowhospiceworks.Thephilosophyofhospiceistoneitheracceleratenorpostponedeath.AsDr.MattKestenbaum,ahospicedirector,putit:“Weletnaturetakeitscourse,andwegivepatientsallthethingstheyneedtobecomfortable.”Dying“naturally”inhospicedoesnotdenypatientsthetreatmentforcommondiseaseslikebloodclots.HospiceexpensesareautomaticallycoveredbyMedicareandmostinsurersprovidehospicecoverageaswell.Choosinghospicecaredoesnotmeanpatientslosetheservicesoftheirpersonaldoctors.Theycanreturntoregularinsurancebenefitswhentheyleavehospicecarebecausetheirconditionimprovesortheywantatherapythehospicedoesnotprovide.Onethingbotheringdoctorsisthatpatientswilllosehopeiftheygointohospice.Butthegoalshouldbetorefocushopeonwhatmightberealisticallyachievedinthetimeremaining.Apatientwhoentershospicecanhavetheopportunitytospendqualitytimewithfamilyandfriendsandsettleunfinishedbusiness.1．Whydon’tmanypatientsgotohospiceearlier?A．Becausepatientshavetostayinhospiceforalongtime.B．BecauseMedicarerequirementsaren’tinfavorofhospice.C．Becausedoctorscan’tpredicthowlongpatientswilllive.D．Becausemosthospiceservicesarefarawayfrompatients.2．Whatistheaimofhospiceservices?A．Toextendpatients’life. B．Toeasepatients’sufferings.C．Toreducepatients’costs. D．Tosettlepatients’business.3．Whatconcernmightpatientshaveaboutenteringhospice?A．Theywilllosetreatmentforcommondiseases.B．Hospicecan’tprovidethetreatmenttheyneed.C．Doctorsmaygivethemunrealistichope.D．Theywillbeseparatedfromtheirfamily.4．Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?A．TocriticizeAmerica’sMedicaresystem.B．Toexplainwhyhospiceisunpopular.C．Tointroducethewayhospiceworks.D．Topopularizehospiceservices.（2023·江苏·校联考三模）Mostpeopleenjoyvariety.Weliketoeatdifferentfoodsfrommealtomeal.Weweardifferentclothes.Weliketotrynewactivitiesandvisitnewplaces.Webecomeboredwhenthereislittlevariety.Nevertheless,there’soneplacewherewetendtodislikevariety,andthat’sineachother.Weoftenfeeluncomfortablewithpeoplewhopractisedifferenthabits,orholdbeliefsorvaluesthatwedonotshare.Therearereasonsforthis.Whenweareexposedtonewanddifferentthings,ourbrainworksabitharderthanusual.Whenwe’relearning,ournervecellsrequiremoreresources,suchaswater,salt,andvariousotherchemicals.Thisextrametabolic(新陈代谢的)activitycanfeelunsettlingandunpleasant.Anditcanfeelworseifournervoussystemisalreadyunderpressure,likeinthemidstofthepandemic.Thissortofvariationmaybeuncomfortableforindividuals,butit’scriticaltothesurvivalofanyspecies.Ifallfinches(雀科鸣鸟)wereidentical,forexample,andtheirenvironmentchangedinsomesignificant,harmfulways,likeanincreaseinthetemperatureoradecreaseinwater,allofthemwouldbeequallyaffectedandthespeciesmightbecomeextinct.ThisinsightintovariationcomesfromCharlesDarwin,andit’sknownaspopulationthinking.MostpeopleassociateDarwinwithhisevolutionarytheoryofnaturalselection,butpopulationthinkingmaybeanevengreaterscientificachievement.Theideaof“survivalofthefittest”impliesthatindividualsmustvary.Somearemoresuitedthanothersforagivenenvironment,makingiteasierforthemtosurvive,grow,andreproduce.Variationisthereforeaprerequisitefornaturalselectiontowork.Dealingwiththevastvarietyofhumankindcanbedemandingandevenannoyingattimes,butit’sagoodinvestment,sortoflikeexerciseforyourbrain.Whenyoumeetsomeonewholooksdifferentorthinksdifferentlyfromyou,treatyourdiscomfortasacuetobecuriousandlearninsteadofasignalofaproblem.Don’tholdtheviewthattheotherpersonshouldbesilenced.Ultimately,thismindsetcanmakeyoumoreflexibleinadaptingtochallengingsituations,andmoreadaptabletochange.5．Whichofthefollowingmightmakepeoplefeeluncomfortable?A．Havinganadventureinthewild.B．Takingatriptoaforeigncountry.C．Sharingtravelingexperienceswithothers.D．Socializingwithpeoplefromdiversecultures.6．Whatdoesthesecondparagraphfocuson?A．People’sunwillingnesstodealwithnewthings.B．Thesignificanceoflearningnewthingsinourlife.C．Thebiologicalexplanationsforpeople’sdiscomfort.D．Theroleofthenervoussysteminlearningnewthings.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prerequisite”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Requirement. B．Substitute. C．Motivation. D．Challenge.8．Whatdoesthewritermainlywanttoconvey?A．Whywetendtochaseandenjoyvariation.B．Howw