2024学年上海市高考押题卷03英语学科（满分115分）II.GrammarandVocabulary(20分)SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica(commonly____1____(refer)toastheUnitedStates,theU.S.,theUSA,theStatesorAmerica)isafederalconstitutionalrepubliccomprisingfiftystatesandafederaldistrict.ThecountryissituatedmostlyincentralNorthAmerica,____2____itsforty-eightcontiguousstatesandWashington,D.C.,thecapitaldistrict,lie____3____thePacificandAtlanticOceans,borderedbyCanadatothenorthandMexicotothesouth.ThestateofAlaskaisinthenorthwestofthecontinent,withCanadatoitseastandRussiatothewestacrosstheBeringStrait.At3.79millionsquaremiles(9.83millionkm²)andwithmorethan300millionpeople,theUnitedStatesisthethirdorfourth____4____(large)countrybytotalarea,andthirdlargestbylandareaandbypopulation.TheUnitedStatesisoneoftheworld'smostethnicallydiverseandmulticulturalnations,theproductoflarge-scaleimmigrationfrommanycountries.TheU.S.economyisthelargestnationaleconomyintheworld,withanestimated2008grossdomesticproduct(GDP)ofUS$14.3trillion.ThenationwasfoundedbythirteencoloniesofGreatBritainlocatedalongtheAtlanticseaboard.OnJuly4,1776,theyissuedtheDeclarationofIndependence,____5____proclaimedtheirindependencefromGreatBritainandtheirformationofacooperativeunion.Therebelliousstates____6____(defeat)GreatBritainintheAmericanRevolutionaryWar,thefirstsuccessfulcolonialwarofindependence.AfederalconventionadoptedthecurrentUnitedStatesConstitutiononSeptember17,1787;itsratificationthe____7____(follow)yearmadethestatespartofasinglerepublicwithastrongcentralgovernment.TheBillofRights,comprisingtenconstitutionalamendmentsguaranteeingmanyfundamentalcivilrightsandfreedoms,wasratifiedin1791.Inthe19thcentury,theUnitedStatesacquiredlandfromFrance,Spain,theUnitedKingdom,Mexico,andRussia,andannexedtheRepublicofTexasandtheRepublicofHawaii.DisputesbetweentheagrarianSouthandindustrialNorthoverstates’rightsandtheexpansionoftheinstitutionofslaveryprovokedtheAmericanCivilWarofthe1860s.TheNorth'svictorypreventedapermanentsplitofthecountryandled____8____theendoflegalslaveryintheUnitedStates.Bythe1870s,___9___nationaleconomywastheworld'slargest.TheSpanish–AmericanWarandWorldWarIconfirmedthecountry'sstatusasamilitarypower.In1945,theUnitedStatesemergedfromWorldWarIIasthefirstcountry_____10_____(have)weapons,apermanentmemberoftheUnitedNationsSecurityCouncil,andafoundingmemberofNATO.TheendoftheColdWarlefttheUnitedStatesasthesolesuperpower.Thecountryaccountsforapproximately50%ofglobalmilitaryspendingandisaleadingeconomic,political,andculturalforceintheworld.1SectionBDirections:Completethepassagewiththewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.catch-up；B.substitute；C.advance；D.committed；E.exhausted；F.multitask；G.transferred；H.maintaining；I.commenting；K.challenge；J.embraceMyfriendHaleycalledmetheotherday.Shehadn'ttextedmein___11___to“findatime“tochat.NordidwehaveaZoomdateonthecalendar.Shejustupandcalledmeunannounced.Itwasthrilling,thisunscheduled,spontaneousconversationwithoutapurposeortheweightofaformal____12____.Itfeltlikewheelingovertosomeoneintheofficetohearajoke.Iwasremindedofthatlargerorbitoffriendshipsoutsidetheinnercoreofthosewestillseeinperson,usuallybecausewelivewiththem.Thinkaboutallthoserelationshipsoncesustainedbyserendipityandproximity,nowstarvedbyayearofsocialdistancing.Inwhatmaybetheworld'slargestsociologicalexperiment,manyofushavehadtorelyalmostcompletelyontechnologytotendtheseconnections.WenowhaveawholenewcadreofAppointmentFriendships.Andevenwith____13____scheduling,it'snotreallyenough.ArecentstudyfromresearchersattheUniversityofNevada,LasVegas,confirmswhatwenowknowinour____14____hearts:videocalls,texts,socialmedia,evenphonecallsareagreatsupplementtoface-to-faceinteractions,buttheyaren'ta(n)____15____.Contrarytowhatyoumightexpect,themoresophisticatedthetechnology,thelessitsatisfiesourneedforconnection.Researchersreportedthatthehumblephonecallwasassociatedwithdecreasesinstress,loneliness,andrelationshipdifficulties.Meanwhile,videochatswereassociatedwithincreasedstress,loneliness,anddifficultiesin____16____.Igetit,we’relessself-consciousonthephone,andyoucan____17____andtalk—maybefoldlaundryoreatorboth.Withvideo,thatuncannyvalleyofalmostbeingtheretendstomakeyoulongfortherealthing.TheUNLVresearchersalsoreportedthatsocialmediaposting,____18____andsharingwasthe“modalitymoststronglyassociatedwithstress.“NooneislesssurprisedaboutallthisthanSherryTurkle,aclinicalpsychologistatM.I.T.She'sbeenstudyinghowtechnologyaffectsourcapacityforempathyandconnectionsincethefirstApplecomputershowedupwithasmileyface,reportingherfindingsintwoseminalbooks“ReclaimingConversation”and“AloneTogether.”WhenIspoketoherafewweeksago,she’djustpublishedhermemoir,“TheEmpathyDiaries,”whichisaboutbecomingoneofveryfewwomenatM.I.T.andonewhowaswillingto____19____theenduringgospelofth