2024年新高考英语二轮复习【培优小题狂练】专题08阅读理解“文章大意”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）解析版【近年高考考情】1.（2022▪全国甲卷▪C篇）31题2.（2020▪全国III卷▪C篇）31题【实用解题妙招】一、设题方式1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?2.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?二、记叙文主旨大意题1.看首段和尾段，以尾段为主2.借助主题词或关键词归纳三、说明文和议论文主旨大意题1.看首段和每段段首句，以首段为主2.借助主题词或关键词归纳四、文章大意题错误选项典型错误一是“以偏概全”：选项范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意；二是“概括宽泛”：所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容；三是“无中生有”：即文章中根本未提到或者不是指定段落的大意。五、文章大意五种题型题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词:in brief/short,all in all,in conclusion, inaword等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。六、文章大意题思维导图【高考真题再练】 1.（2022全国甲卷）AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鹅)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurtherWhensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“Ijustdecidedwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe’dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,”Ginnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.”Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings. B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories. D.Sticktoapromise.29.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?A.Lovelypenguins. B.Beautifulscenery.C.Adiscountfare. D.Afriend’sinvitation.30.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?A.Itcouldbeahomeforher. B.Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.C.Itshouldbewellpreserved. D.Itneedstobefullyintroduced.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Achildhooddream. B.Anunforgettableexperience.C.Sailingaroundtheworld. D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.28-31ACCA【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的GinniBalinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。28.A。词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.(在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,(当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组taketheplunge与trychallengingthings“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。29.C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTieradelFuego.(正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船只)”可知，是一张折扣票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。30.C。细节理解题。根据最后一段“Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.(意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一。)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。31.A。主旨大意题。根据第二段“Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71hashadadeeplovefortravel.(今年71岁的吉妮从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了71岁的GinniBalinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。由此可知，Achildhooddream.(童年的梦想)能够概括文章主旨。故选A。2.（2020全国III卷C篇）Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol—oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”It’shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyho