2024年新高考英语二轮复习【培优小题狂练】专题11阅读理解“写作手法”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）原卷版【近年高考考情】1.（2020年浙江卷C篇）29题2.（2016年四川卷D篇）35题【实用解题妙招】 一、设问方式1.Howisthepassageorganized?2.Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby_________.二、实用妙招高考阅读理解主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，其共同目的就是增强说服力，服务于段落或篇章的主旨。1.根据文章题材来判断。①记叙文多采取以时间为序、以空间为序、以故事情节发展为序等叙事方式进行写作。②说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比等方式使说明更清晰或更具说服力。③议论文大多通过举例子、列数字、引名言、作对比是使得观点更可信，更有权威性。2.根据“原文定位”来判断。先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。①bygivingexamples通过举例。标志词:forexample,forinstance ②byanalyzingcauses通过分析原因。标志词：asaresult/consequence③bygivingdefinitions通过下定义。标志词：thatistosay④bylistingdata/statistics通过列数字。标志词：具体数字⑤bydescribingaprocess 通过描述过程。标志词：first,second,third,finally⑥byfollowingtimeorder遵循时间顺序。标志词：in1920，inthe1940s,nowadays⑦bymakingcomparisons/contrast通过对比。标志词：but,while,⑧bymakingclassifications通过分类。标志词：first,next,then⑨byanalyzingcauseandeffect通过分析因果。标志词：Thatisbecause….⑩byfollowingspaceorder遵循空间顺序。标志词：由近及远，由外到内【高考真题再练】 1.（2020年浙江卷C篇）29题Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激),demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive(认知)functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants’overallhealthstatus.“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,”saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy.“Afteralongrun,youmayfeellikeyou’reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork-sure,youwillfeeltired,butitcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.”It'snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit.Thenpointsout.Awaiter’sjob,forexample,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhigh-levelofficework.And“runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating(协调),”shesays.“Youhavetoorganizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.”Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons-includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.28.Whydidthescientistsaskthevolunteerstotakethetests? A.Toassesstheirhealthstatus. B.Toevaluatetheirworkhabits.C.Toanalyzetheirpersonality. D.Tomeasuretheirmentalability.29.HowdoesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinparagraph4?A.Byusinganexpert’swords. B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Byreferringtoanotherstudy. D.Byintroducingaconcept.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkillsB.OldPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJobsC.YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharpD.CognitiveFunctionMayDeclineAsYouAge2.（2016年四川卷D篇）35题Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnight’ssleep.Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff—ifitismilkedfromacowatnight. Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk”containsmoremelatonin(褪黑激素),whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety. Thestudy,byresearchersfromSeoul,SouthKorea,involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight. Thosegivennightmilk,whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin,werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime,accordingtothestudypublishedinTheJournalofMedicinalFood. Nightmilkquickenedthestartofsleepandcausedthemicetosleeplonger. Whiletheeffectofcows’milkharvestedatdifferenttimehasnotbeentestedonhumansuptonow,takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight. Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent,whichhelpspeopletorelax. Milkisalsosugar-freeandadditive-freewithnutritionistsrecommendingskimmedmilkasthebestchoicebeforebedasitistheleastfattening.Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime,thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.32.Accordingtothetext,themicefedwithdaytimemilk_______.A.startedsleepmoreeasily B.weremoreanxiousC.werelessactive D.wokeuplater33.Whichofthefollowingistrueofmelatoninaccordingtothetext?A.It’sbeentestedonmicefortentimes. B.Itcanmakepeoplemoreenergetic.C.Itexistsinmilkingreatamount. D.It’susedinsleepingdrugs.34.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.NightMilkandSleep B.Fat,SugarandHealthC.AnExperimentonMice D.MilkDrinkingandHealth35.Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bystatingarguments.C.Byexplainingstatisticaldata. D.Byprovidingresearchresults.【名校好题强化】 （23·24上·镇江·期中）Anauthorwithcerebralpalsy(脑瘫)whofulfilledhisdreamofwritingachildren’sbooksaidhehopeditcouldhelpyoungpeople“bethemselves”.GavinCliftonwroteMaxandtheMagicWish,aboutaboywithcerebralpalsywhowishestobelikeotherchildrenbeforestartingschool.Cli