2024年新高考英语二轮复习【培优小题狂练】专题31阅读理解七选五逻辑关系类讲义（考情+技法+真题+模拟）解析版【近年高考考情】一、总分关系调研1【2016全国I卷】调研2【2013全国I卷】二、解释关系调研3【2019全国II卷】调研4【2018全国II卷】三、例证关系调研5【2023新高考I卷】调研6【2017北京卷】调研7【2020新高考卷】四、并列关系调研8【2016全国II卷】调研9【2020新高考卷】调研10【2020全国III卷】五、递进关系调研11【2023全国甲卷】调研12【2017北京卷】六、转折关系调研13【2022全国乙卷】调研14【2019全国II卷】调研15【2019全国I卷】调研16【2016全国II卷】调研17【2017全国III卷】七、因果关系调研18【2017北京卷】调研19【2020新高考卷】【实用解题妙招】 第一招：关注空前空后信号词第二招：关注段落小标题影响第三招：落实瞻前顾后微技能一、总分关系调研1【2016全国I卷】Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.【解析】37.E。考查总分关系。空格前面的句子说总共有三种密码，是一个概括性句子，总述了全段的主要内容。空格内应是介绍第一种密码，是分述。由该空后的例句可知，此空选E“你可以拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息”。调研2【2013全国I卷】Businessmanagementisatermusedtodescribethetechniquesofplanning,direction,andcontroloftheoperationsofabusiness.38Oneistheestablishment(制定)ofbroadbasicpolicieswithrespecttoproduction;sales;thepurchaseofequipment,materialsandsupplies;andaccounting.39Thethirdrelatestotheestablishmentofstandardsofworkinalldepartments.Directionisconcernedprimarilywithsupervision(监管)andguidancebythemanagementinauthority.40A.Controlincludestheuseofrecordsandreportstocompareactualworkwiththesetstandardsforwork.B.Inthisconnectionthereisthedifferencebetweentopmanagementandoperativemanagement.C.Examplesofnonprofitbusinessesincludesuchorganizationsassocialserviceagenciesandmanyhospitals.D.However,somebusinessesonlyseektoearnenoughtocovertheiroperatingcosts.E.Thesecondaspectrelatestotheapplicationofthesepoliciesbydepartments.F.Inthetheoryofbusinessmanagement,organizationhastwomainaspects.G.Planninginbusinessmanagementhasthreemainaspects.【解析】38.G。前句解释了商业管理的概念，下文为商业管理中规划所包含的三个方面，与G项中的threemainaspects相一致。故选G。【解析】39.E。前一句为第一个方面，后一句为第三个方面，显然本句应介绍第二个方面。故选E。【解析】40.A。第二段的第一句介绍了商业管理中的三个技巧，分别是planning,direction和control。接下来已经介绍了前两个技巧，最后一个技巧control还未提及，所以本空应涉及control的内容。故选A。二、解释关系调研3【2019全国II卷】Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsistoanalyzeyourshortandlongtermobjectives,keepinginmindyourbeliefs,valuesandstrengths.Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.39Theyalsoneedtobemeasurable.Youmustkeepthesepointsinmindwhilesettingyourgoals.E.Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.【解析】39.E。根据空格前的goalsareflexible可知，目标是灵活的，E项“它们可以根据情况而改变”对其进行了解释，故选E项。调研4【2018全国II卷】__39__Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou，soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.【解析】39.B。此处缺少一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。所选答案应是对后面内容的总述。故选B。三、例证关系调研5【2023新高考I卷】Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”37Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.37.根据空前内容“Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。调研6【2017北京卷】Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.74Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.G.Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.【解析】74.G。该段首句提出论点“现在我们有最直接的证据证明他的假设是对的”，那么接下来就应该给出具体的论据或实例来证明上述论点。此外，该空后面一句话解释了实验的结果和意义。综合看来，只有G项符合语境。调研7【2020新高考卷】Nevermindthatmosttravelersnowadayshavesmartphoneswithbuilt－inalarmclocks.__17__Herearesomeexamples.AttheWolcottHotel,ifawake－upcallisunanswered,theywillsendanemployeetoyourdoor.AtLasVentanasalParaiso,anemployeeshowsupatyourroomtowakeyouupwithtea,coffeeandbreakfastbread.AttheMandarinOriental,apersonratherthananautomatedsystemwillcalltowakeyouup.F.Thehumanwake－upcallisawaytopersonalizeaguest’sstay.【解析】17.F。由17空之后的“Herearesomeexamples...”可知前后是例证关系。根据后面举的例子可知应该选择F项“Thehumanwake－upcallisawaytopersonalizeaguest’sstay.”四、并列关系调研8【2016全国II卷】Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料).18However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.E.Stillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplants.【解析】18.E。由本段中的第一句Some...，第二句的Others...，可锁定E项中的Stillothers...，它们之间为并列关系，故选E项。调研9【2020新高考卷】Yourgoalisnottobeaperfectpublicspeaker.__19__Andlikeeverythingelseinlife，