2024年新高考英语二轮复习【培优小题狂练】专题17阅读理解“推理判断”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）原卷版【近年高考考情】题型一：数据推断题考例1：（2023新高考I卷A篇）22题考例2：（2023浙江1月卷A篇）23题题型二：意图推断题考例3：（2023新高考I卷B篇）28题考例4：（2023浙江1月卷D篇）33题题型三：态度推断题考例5：（2023新高考I卷D篇）35题考例6：（2023全国甲卷D篇）35题题型四：预测下段题考例7：（2023全国乙卷C篇）31题题型五：推断出处题考例8：（2022新高考I卷A篇）21题考例9：（2023全国乙卷D篇）35题题型六：文体推断题考例10：（2022浙江1月卷B篇）26题题型七：活动评价题考例11：（2023新高考II卷B篇）26题考例12：（2023全国乙卷B篇）27题【实用解题妙招】 一、推理判断题解题三步曲1.定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。2.字面理解：理解相关信息点字面意义。3.深层理解：进而理解作者的言外之意。二、推理判断题干扰项特征1.曲解文意推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项，使其看似表达了文章的意思，其实是对原文意思的曲解2.张冠李戴题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是其他人的观点：题干问的是其他人的观点，选项中却出现了作者的观点。3.偷梁换柱干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相以的型结构和单司，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单司，造成句子意思的改变。4.无中生有这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生话常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。5.鱼目混珠这种类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类式题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替其在特定语境中的具体含义。6.扩缩范围。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。题型一：数据推断题妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹第二步：仔细梳理信息，弄清来龙去脉，进行加减乘数基本运算第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案考例1：（2023新高考I卷A篇）22题BikeRental&GuidedToursPricesHandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)€14.75€9.75Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.0022.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?A.€15.75. B.€19.50. C.€22.75. D.€29.50.考例2：（2023浙江1月卷A篇）23题ExplorersCamp•Fulldaycampforkidsaged5-13.•Monday-Friday,July8-26,9am-4pm.Week1|July8-12Week2|July15-19Week3|July22-26•Registerforasingleweekormultipleweeks.•Fees:$365perweek.•Thelastdaytocancelregistrationandreceiveafullrefund(退款)isJune15.CampStructureThedayisdividedintotwothematicsessionsperagegroup.Campershaveathree-hourmorningclassengagingwithamorningtheme(9amto12noon)andaone-hourlunchbreak,followedbyanotherthree-hourclassengagingwithanafternoontheme(1pmto4pm).Snackperiodsareheldthroughouttheday.Allcampersshouldbringtheirownbaggedlunchandsnacks.23.Howmanyhoursofclasswillyouhavealtogetherifyouregisterforasingleweek?A.15. B.21. C.30. D.42.题型二：意图推断题妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案考例3：（2023新高考I卷B篇）28题Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.28.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills. B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems. D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.考例4：（2023浙江1月卷D篇）33题“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,”saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSitePreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project.“Theyneedtobeprotectorsofthelandandcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.”InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“low-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneoftheeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators(传粉昆虫).33.WhatdoesInSPIREaimtodo?A.Improvetheproductivityoflocalfarms.B.Inventnewmethodsforcontrollingweeds.C.Makesolarprojectsenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Promotetheuseofsolarenergyinruralareas.题型三：态度推断题妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼第三步：留意积累表示肯定、否定、客观等态度类高频词汇备用第四步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案考例5：（2023新高考I卷D篇）35题Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.考例6：（2023全国甲卷D篇）35题Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory,andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding(解读)theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.It’sworthyourtime,eveniftimeissomethingwedon’thavealotof.31.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeinersbook?A.Objectiveandplain.B.Daringandambitious.C.Seriousandhardtofollow.D.Humorousandstraightforward.题型四：预测下段题妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文最后一段（句），圈划留下做题痕迹第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案题型四：预测下段题考例7：（2023全国乙卷C篇）31题Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanaly